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John Sampson Toll (October 25, 1923-July 15, 2011) was an American physicist and educational administrator.

Toll received his bachelor's degree in physics from Yale in 1944, after which he served in the Navy in World War II. He finished his Ph.D. in physics at Princeton in 1952, where he helped establish the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory.

He then moved to the University of Maryland, where he became chair of the Department of Physics and Astronomy in 1953 at the age of 29.

In 1965, he left to become the second president of the State University of New York at Stony Brook, a position he held for 13 years before returning to the University of Maryland to become president of the original five campuses of the University of Maryland. Comparable to a chancellor position in other state university systems, at the time Toll oversaw UMCP, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, University of Maryland University College, University of Maryland, Eastern Shore, and University of Maryland at Baltimore. When Governor William Donald Schaefer decided to merge most of the state's public universities into a single system, Toll was put in charge of the merger, completing his service to the University of Maryland System the following year.

Toll then headed the Universities Research Association, leading the unsuccessful effort to build the Superconducting Super Collider. He later served as president of Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, from 1995 to 2004.

William English Kirwan (1989-1998)